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Taraweeh of the Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) (Ahadtih 1723 - 1725)

Bismillah.
Volume 3, Book 32, Number 228:
Narrated 'Aisha (radiallaahu `anhaa):
Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) used to pray (at night) in Ramadan.
Volume 3, Book 32, Number 229:
Narrated 'Urwa:
That he was informed by 'Aisha (radiallaahu `anhaa), "Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) went out in the middle of the night and prayed in the mosque and some men prayed behind him. In the morning, the people spoke about it and then a large number of them gathered and prayed behind him (on the second night). In the next morning the people again talked about it and on the third night the mosque was full with a large number of people. Allah's Apostle came out and the people prayed behind him. On the fourth night the Mosque was overwhelmed with people and could not accommodate them, but the Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) came out (only) for the morning prayer. When the morning prayer was finished he recited Tashah-hud and (addressing the people) said, "Amma ba'du, your presence was not hidden from me but I was afraid lest the night prayer (Qiyam) should be enjoined on you and you might not be able to carry it on." So, Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) died and the situation remained like that (i.e. people prayed individually). "
This indicates that praying Taraweeh in congregation is prescribed according to the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), but he refrained from doing it because he feared that it would be made obligatory for the ummah. When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) died, this reservation was no longer required, because the sharee’ah was established. 
Volume 3, Book 32, Number 230:
Narrated Abu Salama bin 'Abdur Rahman:
that he asked 'Aisha (radiallaahu `anhaa) "How was the prayer of Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) in Ramadan?" She replied, "He did not pray more than eleven Rakat in Ramadan or in any other month. He used to pray four Rakat ---- let alone their beauty and length----and then he would pray four ----let alone their beauty and length ----and then he would pray three Rakat (Witr)." She added, "I asked, 'O Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam)! Do you sleep before praying the Witr?' He replied, 'O 'Aisha! My eyes sleep but my heart does not sleep."
It is proven in al-Saheeh that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to pray eleven rak’ahs at night in Ramadaan and at other times, but he would make the recitation and other essential parts of the prayer so long that on one occasion he recited more than five juz’ (sipara) in a single rak’ah, reciting slowly and carefully. 
And it is proven that he would get up halfway through the night, or shortly before or after that, and he would carry on praying until it was close to dawn, so he would pray thirteen rak’ahs in approximately five hours. This requires making the recitation and other essential parts of the prayer lengthy.
Note: the main focus of our night prayer (inside or outside Ramadan) should be to attain tranquility and to develop a special connection with Allah. There's no point in fighting about the number of rak`ahs of the Taraweeh prayer and there's no point in discussing what Umar (radiallaahu `anhu) did in his time and why he did it, if our night prayer does not bring us any closer towards Allah. Yes, we want to follow the Sunnah when it comes to the number of rak`ahs, but are we going to sideline the Sunnah of making the night prayer lengthy and slow? The latter is definitely more important, won't you agree?

Taraweeh: Individual or Congregational? (Hadith No. 1722)

Bismillah.
Volume 3, Book 32, Number 227:
Narrated Abu Huraira (radiallaahu `anhu):
Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) said, "Whoever prayed at night the whole month of Ramadan out of sincere Faith and hoping for a reward from Allah, then all his previous sins will be forgiven." Ibn Shihab (a sub-narrator) said, "Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) died and the people continued observing that (i.e. Nawafil offered individually, not in congregation), and it remained as it was during the Caliphate of Abu Bakr (radiallaahu `anhu) and in the early days of 'Umar (radiallaahu `anhu)'s Caliphate." 'Abdur Rahman bin 'Abdul Qari said, "I went out in the company of 'Umar bin Al-Khattab (radiallaahu `anhu) one night in Ramadan to the mosque and found the people praying in different groups. A man praying alone or a man praying with a little group behind him. So, 'Umar (radiallaahu `anhu) said, 'In my opinion I would better collect these (people) under the leadership of one Qari (Reciter) (i.e. let them pray in congregation!)'. So, he made up his mind to congregate them behind Ubai bin Ka'b (radiallaahu `anhu). Then on another night I went again in his company and the people were praying behind their reciter. On that, 'Umar (radiallaahu `anhu) remarked, 'What an excellent Bid'a (i.e. innovation in religion) this is; but the prayer which they do not perform, but sleep at its time is better than the one they are offering.' He meant the prayer in the last part of the night. (In those days) people used to pray in the early part of the night."
al-Bukhaari (2010) narrated that ‘Abd al-Rahmaan ibn ‘Abd al-Qaari said: I went out with ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab (may Allaah be pleased with him) to the mosque one night in Ramadaan, and the people were scattered, each man praying by himself. Some men would pray and have groups of people behind them following them. ‘Umar said: “I think that if I unite all these people with one reader, it will be better. Then he resolved to gather them behind Ubayy ibn Ka’b. 
al-Haafiz said: 
Ibn al-Teen and others said that ‘Umar based this decision on the Prophet’s approval of those who prayed with him on those nights. Although he disliked that for them, that was based on the fear that it might be made obligatory for them. When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) died, there was no longer any fear of that happening, and ‘Umar thought, because of the potential division that might arise from people praying separately, and because uniting them behind one reader is more motivating for many people. The majority agreed with ‘Umar’s decision. End quote from Fath al-Baari. 
Al-Nawawi said in al-Majmoo’, 3/526: 
Praying Taraweeh is Sunnah according to scholarly consensus… It is permissible to offer this prayer alone or in congregation, but which is better? There are two well-known opinions on this matter. The correct view according to the consensus of our companions is that praying it in congregation is better. The second view is that it is better to pray it individually.
Our companions said: The difference of opinion has to do with one who has memorized the Qur’aan; there is no fear that he may become lazy and neglect it if he prays on his own, and the congregation in the mosque is not going to be affected if he stays away.  But if one of these factors is absent, then praying in congregation is better, and there is no difference of scholarly opinion on this point. 
The author of al-Shaamil said:
Abu’l-‘Abbaas and Abu Ishaaq said that praying Taraweeh in congregation is better than praying it individually, because of the consensus of the Sahaabah and the consensus of the scholars of the regions on this point. End quote. 
Ibn al-Mubaarak, Ahmad and Ishaaq favoured praying with the imam during the month of Ramadaan. 
It says in Tuhfat al-Ahwadhi: 
In the book on night prayer (qiyaam): it was said to Ahmad ibn Hanbal: Do you prefer a man to pray with the people in Ramadaan or on his own? He said: He should pray with the people. He said: And I prefer that he should pray with the imam and pray Witr with him. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “If a man prays qiyaam with the imam until he finishes, it will be recorded as if he spent the rest of the night (in prayer).” Ahmad (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: “He should pray with the people until he prays Witr with them, and he should not leave until the imam leaves. Abu Dawood said: I saw him (Imam Ahmad) – in the month of Ramadaan, praying Witr with his imam, except on one night when I did not attend. Ishaaq (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: I said to Ahmad: Is praying qiyaam in Ramadaan in congregation dearer to you or praying on one’s own? He said: I prefer that this prayer should be offered in congregation, so as to revive the Sunnah. And Ishaaq said the same. End quote. 
See al-Mughni, 1/457. 
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen said in Majaalis Shahr Ramadaan, p. 22: 
At first the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to pray Taraweeh in congregation in the mosque, then he stopped because he feared that it might be made obligatory upon his ummah…  
Then he quoted the two ahaadeeth quoted above. Then he said: 
No man should keep away from Taraweeh prayer lest he misses out on the reward for it. And he should not leave until the imam finishes Taraweeh and Witr, so that he may attain the reward of spending the whole night in prayer. End quote. 
Al-Albaani said in Qiyaam Ramadaan:
Rather it (praying Taraweeh in congregation) is better than praying it alone, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did it himself and explained its virtue.
Rather he did not lead them in praying it in congregation for the rest of the month because he feared that praying at night during Ramadaan might be made obligatory for them, and they would be unable to do that, as it says in the hadeeth of ‘Aa’ishah which is narrated in al-Saheehayn and elsewhere. This concern no longer applied after the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) died and Allaah had completed Islam. Hence the reason for not praying in congregation when offering night prayers in Ramadaan was no longer present, and the previous ruling remained in effect, which is that it is prescribed to offer this prayer in congregation. Hence ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) revived it, as it says inSaheeh al-Bukhaari and elsewhere. End quote. 
It says in al-Mawsoo’ah al-Fiqhiyyah (27/138): 
From the time of ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him), the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and the Muslims regularly offered Taraweeh prayer in congregation. ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) is the one who united the people in offering the prayer behind a single imam.
Asad ibn ‘Amr ibn Abi Yoosuf said: I asked Abu Haneefah about Taraweeh and what ‘Umar did. He said: Taraweeh is a confirmed Sunnah, and ‘Umar did not base his decision on speculation and he was not introducing bid’ah (an innovation). He did not enjoin it except because of what he knew from the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). ‘Umar introduced this and gathered the people behind Ubayy ibn Ka’b and he offered this prayer in congregation, at the time when the Sahaabah – the Muhaajireen and Ansaar – were still alive, and no one among them objected to that, rather they helped him and agreed with him, and also enjoined it. End quote. 

Taken from:  http://ilookilisten.wordpress.com/2013/09/11/taraweeh-individual-or-congregational-hadith-no-1722/

Taraweeh Prayer (Hadith No. 1721)

Bismillah.
Volume 3, Book 32, Number 226:
Narrated Abu Huraira (radiallaahu `anhu):
I heard Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) saying regarding Ramadan, "Whoever prayed at night in it (the month of Ramadan) out of sincere Faith and hoping for a reward from Allah, then all his previous sins will be forgiven."
Let's all hope we came out clean of this Ramadan. ^_^
And may Allah give us the tawfeeq to do so each year.

Continuity and Balance (Ahadith 1685 - 1689)

Bismillah.
Volume 3, Book 31, Number 190:
Narrated 'Aisha (radiallaahu `anhaa):
Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) used to fast till one would say that he would never stop fasting, and he would abandon fasting till one would say that he would never fast. I never saw Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) fasting for a whole month except the month of Ramadan, and did not see him fasting in any month more than in the month of Sha'ban.
Volume 3, Book 31, Number 191:
Narrated 'Aisha (radiallaahu `anhaa):
The Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) never fasted in any month more than in the month of Sha'ban. He used to say, "Do those deeds which you can do easily, as Allah will not get tired (of giving rewards) till you get bored and tired (of performing religious deeds)." The most beloved prayer to the Prophet was the one that was done regularly (throughout the life) even if it were little. And whenever the Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) offered a prayer he used to offer it regularly .
Volume 3, Book 31, Number 192:
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (radiallaahu `anhu):
The Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) never fasted a full month except the month of Ramadan, and he used to fast till one could say, "By Allah, he will never stop fasting," and he would abandon fasting till one would say, "By Allah, he will never fast."
Volume 3, Book 31, Number 193:
Narrated Anas (radiallaahu `anhu):
Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) used to leave fasting in a certain month till we thought that he would not fast in that month, and he used to fast in another month till we thought he would not stop fasting at all in that month. And if one wanted to see him praying at night, one could see him (in that condition), and if one wanted to see him sleeping at night, one could see him (in that condition) too.
Volume 3, Book 31, Number 194:
Narrated Humaid:
I asked Anas (radiallaahu `anhu) about the fasting of the Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam). He said "Whenever I liked to see the Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) fasting in any month, I could see that, and whenever I liked to see him not fasting, I could see that too, and if I liked to see him praying in any night, I could see that, and if I liked to see him sleeping, I could see that, too." Anas (radiallaahu `anhu) further said, "I never touched silk or velvet softer than the hand of Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) and never smelled musk or perfumed smoke more pleasant than the smell of Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam)."
After reading all these narrations, the one who wants to overdo fasting and praying at night (or any other form of worship), and give up all the good of this world (zuhd) needs to answer one question: Is he more righteous than the Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam)?
Continuity and balance. These two things will take you a long way inshaAllah. Whatever little/more you do of worship, continue it. And don't overdo anything - not even worship. :)
As for the fiqh of fasting in Sha`baan, a summary has been posted here.

Ramadan: Sin-Eraser (Hadith No. 1620)

Bismillah.
Volume 3, Book 31, Number 125:
Narrated Abu Huraira (radiallaahu `anhu):
The Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) said, "Whoever established prayers on the night of Qadr out of sincere faith and hoping for a reward from Allah, then all his previous sins will be forgiven; and whoever fasts in the month of Ramadan out of sincere faith, and hoping for a reward from Allah, then all his previous sins will be forgiven."
We say sinning is easy, but atoning for our sins to have them forgiven isn't. While this statement can be debated upon, here's a simple method to erase all your sins: fast in Ramadan, and seek Laylat-ul-Qadr by establishing salah in the last few odd nights of Ramadan. If you do these two things with sincerity and expect reward ONLY from Allah, you have a promise from Allah that you'll be forgiven inshaAllah.
May Allah erase all our past sins this Ramadan.

Ar-Rayyan (Ahadith 1615 - 1616)

Bismillah.
Volume 3, Book 31, Number 120:
Narrated Sahl (radiallaahu `anhu):
The Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) said, "There is a gate in Paradise called Ar-Raiyan, and those who observe fasts will enter through it on the Day of Resurrection and none except them will enter through it. It will be said, 'Where are those who used to observe fasts?' They will get up, and none except them will enter through it. After their entry the gate will be closed and nobody will enter through it."
Imagine being there. Imagine the angels at Ar-Rayyan (gate of Paradise) calling out YOUR name. Imagine feeling so special. <3
Volume 3, Book 31, Number 121:
Narrated Abu Huraira (radiallaahu `anhu):
Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) said, "Whoever gives two kinds (of things or property) in charity for Allah's Cause, will be called from the gates of Paradise and will be addressed, 'O slaves of Allah! Here is prosperity.' So, whoever was amongst the people who used to offer their prayers, will be called from the gate of the prayer; and whoever was amongst the people who used to participate in Jihad, will be called from the gate of Jihad; and whoever was amongst those who used to observe fasts, will be called from the gate of Ar-Raiyan; whoever was amongst those who used to give in charity, will be called from the gate of charity." Abu Bakr (radiallaahu `anhu) said, "Let my parents be sacrificed for you, O Allah's Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam)! No distress or need will befall him who will be called from those gates. Will there be any one who will be called from all these gates?" The Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) replied, "Yes, and I hope you will be one of them."
A person can get his name in three lists easily, I suppose. If he prays, fasts and gives charity regularly, he'll be called out from three gates. Isn't that awesome? Imagine being there. Imagine thinking which gate to enter from.. <3
And who can compete with Abu Bakr (radiallaahu `anhu) in good deeds? May Allah make us more like him.

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